Inheritance
Like C++, Python supports inheritance. In fact, all classes in Python 3 are subclasses of object
by default.
Here is an example of a GameCharacter
class and its subclass Enemy
.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
class GameCharacter:
def __init__(self, name, health=50, strength=30, defence=20):
self.name = name
self.health = health
self.strength = strength
self.defence = defence
def attack(self, victim):
victim.health = victim.health - self.strength
print(f"Bam! {self.name} attacked {victim.name}.",
f"{victim.name}'s health is now {victim.health}")
def defend(self, attacker):
self.health = self.health - attacker.strength * 0.25
print(f"{self.name} defended against {attacker.name}.",
f"{self.name}'s health is now {self.health}")
def __str__(self):
return (f"{self.name} is a GameCharacter (health: {self.health}, "
f"strength: {self.strength}, defence: {self.defence})"
)
class Enemy(GameCharacter):
def __init__(self, name, health=50, strength=30, defence=20, evilness=50):
# call the constructor of the superclass
super().__init__(name, health, strength, defence)
self.evilness = 50
def evil_laugh(self):
print("Heheheheheeeeee!!")
def __str__(self):
return (super().__str__().replace("GameCharacter", "Enemy").replace(")", ",")
+ f" evilness: {self.evilness})"
)
boy = GameCharacter("Boy", 100, 20, 10)
evilman = Enemy("Voldemort", 30, 50, 40, 100)
print(boy)
print(evilman)
evilman.attack(boy)
boy.defend(evilman)
boy.evil_laugh() # You should get an error here.
Line 24: Enemy
is a subclass of GameCharacter
.
Line 27: If you override the __init__()
constructor, then you will need to explicitly invoke the constructor of the superclass GameCharacter
with super().__init__()
. Otherwise, Enemy
will NOT inherit attributes from the superclass like name
, health
, strength
and defence
.
super()
refers to the superclass - in this case it is GameCharacter
.
Line 34: Similarly, if you override any superclass methods, you can access the superclass’ original methods using super()
.